Milk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Milk - Essay Example There are various types of microorganisms that can be found in milk and related products depending on the hygiene standards followed. The microorganisms found in milk and milk related products are classified as unfavorable- ones that are responsible for causing spoilage, and favorable- ones that responsible for bringing about desired changes in the products. There are various established methods available to enumerate the type of the microorganisms present along with their quantification. To ensure that the consumer gets a safe product for consumption various bodies like the FDA and Codex have established the product regulatory standards that all the milk producers and processors are supposed to meet across the product marketing chain. 1. Bacteria - These are single celled microorganisms, normally measured in microns and one of the methods of their classification is based on the fundamental shapes that they exhibit: a. Spherical, b. rod and c. spiral. They reproduce asexually by fission and their growth phase is characterized by distinct phases: 2. Yeasts - These belong to the group of microorganisms called fungi. These are classified on the basis of morphology, cultural, sexual and physiological characters. Based on their method of reproduction, there are two forms that are of importance in the food industry. a. Budding and spore forming yeasts: These are also called as true yeasts and reproduce by producing sexual ascospores. b. Budding or Asexual yeasts: These are also called false yeasts. 3. Molds - These also belong to the class of fungi and are multi-celled and filamentous, the filaments being referred to as hypha. These too can reproduce either sexually or asexually. The sexual reproduction normally happens in the unfavorable conditions by forming spores through the process of nuclear fission, whereas the asexual reproduction happens through either fragmentation or spore production in conidia. 4. Viruses - These are intracellular parasites. They need to contact and invade an acceptable host cell to survive and replicate. Factors affecting growth As enumerated by Banwart (102-144), in any food environment, some microbial species will survive and become dominant. Organisms that lack the ability to withstand stresses induced by unfavorable environment will succumb. The conditions that affect the metabolism and multiplication of microorganisms include the following: 1. Nutrients - These are required as source of energy and for synthesis of cellular

Parent Involvement In Education And Issues Arising Education Essay

Parent Involvement In Education And Issues Arising Education Essay Introduction This small scale research is to consider parental involvement in a childs education and how parents contributions help children to achieve while at school and examines the barriers of parents and school which prevent successful partnerships flourishing. In order to carry out a study that would be relevant to my own practice I have focused on both parents, and teachers perception of parental involvement and the type of partnerships that exist between home and school. I have also briefly looked at the government role, the initiatives and policies that encourage schools and parents to work together. My main focus however, is the barriers that prevent parental involvement. In my proposal, I noted initial key findings, that I wanted to research further, however, after reading a vast amount of literature, time-scales prevented me to look at all areas in depth. My interest in this area first began when in a parent role I used to listen to children read once a week at a local primary school. Over the years in my role as a parent, I have seen more encouragement to be involved with my local primary school that my own child attends. Offers of courses in Maths and Literacy have been available, as well as many after school activities such as clubs, or invitations to school events outside of school time. My initial reading, led to me research commissioned by DCSF (2007) which showed that 51% of parents questioned felt very involved in their childs education, compared to 27% in 1963 (DES). This would indicate that parents are now seen as an integral part of a childs school life. Government policies involve parents through consultations about aspects of behaviour and school uniform, and the White Paper (2011) has further still increased parental power. There are still barriers, however, that prevent parents becoming more involved fully in their childs education. In the same research (DCSF 2007) found that 61% of parents indicated that they would like to be more involved with school. I wanted to understand why parents perceived that they were not involved enough with their childs education. I also wanted to see how teachers felt when working with parents and their perceptions and what barriers, if any teachers also had. My study focused on two primary schools, one rural school serving villages in Lincolnshire with 100 pupils, and a large town school serving mainly a large council estate with 400 pupils. Research (Quote) suggests, that parent engagement is higher when a child is attending primary school, and this lowers as children enter the secondary sector. For purposes of my study I have not included this element due to size and time constraints. I have also not considered socio- economic background but I have found that this area has overlapped in much of my reading. However Cosin Hayle (1997) indicate that if a child has a parent who feels involved, and participates with their childs education, benefits will be seen regardless of background. Schools also have a part to play and Ofsted (2007) suggest that all schools value parental involvement but the best schools offer resourcefulness, flexibility and determination in their engagement with parents. In order to assess how schools encourage parents to be involved, evidence was collected through interviews with both Head-teachers of the schools. Class Teachers were also invited to take part in interviews; however of the eight teachers invited only two were interviewed with rest offering to complete a questionnaire. Time constraints were the general reason for this. Literature Review The importance of parental involvement It has long been recognised since the publication of the Plowden Report (1967) that the importance of Parental involvement in education brings lots of benefits to children. This term covers a wide range of issues but generally is defined as how a parent uses available resources with the intention of improving a childs learning. (Docking, 1997) This involvement may take place in or outside school. Parental involvement at home may include activities such as discussions with their child about school, helping with homework or reading, or working on tasks such as cooking, make and do projects or being part of the wider community and using the facilities that may be on offer. Involvement at school may be attending parents evenings, volunteering in the classroom, or helping with decision making, such as belonging to the PTA or on a higher level working within a Parent governor role. Studies have shown that children who have parents that take an active interest in their education benefit in a number of ways. These children are usually higher achievers (Ballantine, 1999; Docking, 1997 😉 attendance is higher, (Haynes, Comer, Hamilton-Lee, 1989), homework is readily completed (Rich,1988;) and self- esteem and confidence is high. (Hoover-Dempsey,1997; Walker,2000; Jones Reed, 2002). The Labour Government also recognised the importance of parental involvement, they emphasised that parents are active partners in the production of educated children (McNamara et al, 2000; p474). Excellence in Schools (DFEE, 1997) states that parents are a childs primary educators, and parents are key partners in the modern school system. Many initiatives have been aimed at parental involvement such as Sure-Start. The Barriers of Parental Involvement- Parents perceptions Parents beliefs and how they view education, can act as barriers to effective parental involvement. The way parents view their role in their childs education is crucial. Parents, who believe that their role is to ensure their child attends school, and the rest is up to the school, are often not willing to be actively involved in their childs schooling. Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler (1997) reported that this attitude is more prevalent in some communities than others, but did not attribute low income as a factor. Clarke (1983) found that if pupils were high achievers, the parents supported their learning at home and interacted with school in a positive way. Clark found that parents of high achieving of pupils had a greater belief than other parents because they feel their help makes significant contributions. All the parents in Clarks research were from low economic backgrounds- this research would indicate that income is not a factor for lack of parental involvement. Hoover-Dempsey and S andler (1997) point out that parents who have low levels of belief in their ability to help their children are likely to have little contact with school because they feel that such involvement will not give positive outcomes for their children. There may be many reasons for the lack of confidence that parents may feel. Language barriers may lead to a parent feeling they cannot communicate effectively with teachers, or negative experiences through their own schooling can often be the problem. Parents may also take the view that their academic competence is not high enough to effectively help their children. This view is expressed more often as children progress from primary to secondary school and academic work becomes more advanced (Eccles and Harold, 1993.). All of the above views act as a barrier to Parental involvement, despite research that acknowledges support for a childs learning does not need a high level of education from parents. (Clark 1983; Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler 1997; Hornby 2000) Another barrier, which is important to involvement in their childs education, is the views parents hold about their childs intelligence. (Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler 1997) If parents hold the view that their child is intelligent through luck, they will not see the point of getting involved. Alternatively, parents who hold views that achievement and effort are linked and that this can be developed are more likely to be positive about parental involvement. This view can be linked with child rearing in general and parents who hold beliefs that the role of a parent is the way they bring up children that is very important, usually are considered to have positive views, and make considerable impact on their childs development overall (Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler 1997). Parental barriers may be due to circumstances, parents who left school early or felt they didnt succeed at school may be indifferent to helping their own child. They may be unconfident in their own knowledge and skills, theref ore unable to help with homework or school projects (Green et al, 2007). This attitude also may prevent parents working with teachers as they feel that they are not qualified enough. Other commitments such as work can also cause barriers. When parents are unemployed, money could be an issue as they may not be able to afford a car or to pay babysitters in order to get to school meetings. For parents with jobs it is often time constraints and the kind of jobs they have that cause issues. There is often less time to be involved at home or school, as parents maybe for example, too tired at the end of the day to help children with homework or have constructive discussions about their childs school day (Catsambis, 2001; Green et al. 2007). Finally socio-class, gender and ethnicity, can be seen as barriers to parental involvement, issues relating to differences may play a role and initiatives from Government have aimed to address this (Quote). Barriers- Teachers perceptions Barriers to parental involvement, is not just the responsibility of parents. Teachers also face hurdles that may prevent them having successful partnerships with parents. In order for parental involvement to be successful it is important to look at the role of teachers and their perspective of the partnership. Lazar Slostad, (1999) state that teachers who invest time in working with parents, experience more empowerment within their teaching, report that stress levels are reduced and feel their professional status and authority is appreciated. Additionally teachers reported that they felt the work they did with the children was greatly respected due to parental involvement (Hara and Burke, 1998). For many years teachers have been under the impression that parents do not value education or the job that teachers do. Ascher, 1988; Henderson, Marburger, Ooms,1986 report that many teachers find parents un-cooperative, when issues of discipline arise, and argue that contacting parents is often futile. Teachers fear that when contacted, parents maybe argumentative and hostile, and may have a misguided belief that the problem, if left alone, will not cause confrontations. However, this is the opposite of reality teachers who contact parents when they have a concern usually find parents co-operative and willing to work with the school (Johnson Webster, 1994). Another reason cited is that teachers do not appreciate or fail to understand the importance of parental involvement (Broderick Mastrilli, 1997; Greenwood Hickman, 1991; Hoover-Dempsey, Walker, Jones, Reed, 2002) in home- school links. Much literature on this subject (Hoover-Dempsey, Walker, Jones, Reed; Lazar Slostad, 199 9) discusses communication between home and school is often weak and home visits to really understand families would help to improve this. Parent teacher partnerships As discussed, in order for parental involvement to be effective, teachers and parents must have the same goals. Parental involvement must not just be seen as simplistic desire. Much of the literature that surrounds this area discusses opposing agendas and goals (Wolfendale, 1983; Epstien 2001). Government and schools goals towards parental involvement, maybe so they are accountable to communities, or to promote childrens achievements through league tables. Parents goals are more concerned with their childs happiness, how well they are doing in terms of school work. Montgomery (2009), points that barriers may occur when there is a conflict over ability. Children that are gifted and talented may not be viewed so by their teachers which then causes barriers through frustrations. Equally this may be seen when children are talented in a sport, or musically and do not attend school in order to pursue this. Rudney (2005) discusses teacher goals and states that the focus of teachers in paren tal involvement is through homework, providing a nurturing environment, parent meetings and reports, and attending school events. Parent-teacher meetings provide a good insight to how goals of teachers and parents may differ. Bastiani (1989) has suggested that teachers wish to discuss different things to parents, although both are concerned with the childs progress, their concerns are viewed in different perspectives which then create barriers for involvement later on. Aldeman (1992) discussing the impact of differing goals considers that home-school relationships are based on socialisation, where schools attempt to shape parents attitudes so they enable schooling. He further suggests that underlying agendas often have an impact on parental involvement if the goals are more about meeting the needs of schools rather than individuals. These differences can cause frustrations to both parties and limit parental involvement and partnership successes. Breaking down the barriers As discussed, researchers have identified several types of parental involvement. Epstien (1995) categorized this as parenting, communicating, volunteering, home learning, decision making, and working with the community. Although all of these categories have an impact on a childs learning, not all achieve academic success. The key to success is the relationship that is established between children and parents in the home. (Burns, 2000; Clark, 1983; Norton Nufeld, 2002). High expectations of a childs achievements and making education a priority should be of high importance if barriers are to be broken, (Brown, 1999; Kurdek, Fine, Sinclair, 1995;Muller,1993;Rosenzweig, 2000; Solo, 1997). Evidence is overwhelming that families, who set high expectations for their children, have a high academic success (Clark 1983). This also can been seen in the classroom, and teachers who set high expectations for the children they teach, are often seen as Outstanding (Ofsted,; ) Teachers should empha sise this importance when communicating with parents, and reassure them that their child can reach high levels of academic success (Hughes, 2003; Johnson, 1998). Secondly parents have to take an active role in learning at home (Becker Epstein, 1982; Dornbusch Ritter, 1988; Tizard, Schofeld, Hewison, 1982; Rosenzweig, 2000). Children who have well-structured routines at home do very well at school (Muller,1993). Teachers can help parents to actively get involved by offering specific strategies that parents can use to organise homework, discussions or their time in general. (Finn, 1998). Parents can provide materials or have an area where children can study, but it is critical that they show an interest in their childs school work. Discussions about school not only help parents monitor their childs activities, but more importantly they are showing their child that they care about their progress and what they do (Brown, 1999; Finn, 1998). Teachers can help parents to monitor progres s more readily if they provide parents with information such as homework policies that discuss the type, how much should be done, how it is marked. Parents generally welcome information such as this, as well as knowledge of the work their child will be doing over the school year (Loucks 1992). This type of information could be presented via school newsletters and many schools are using this method as part of parental involvement strategies. Lastly, parents and teachers need to emphasise the importance of effort over ability (Stevenson, 1983). Dweck (1986) noted that children who attribute success and failure to effort rather than ability gain satisfaction, will seek challenges and will overcome obstacles that they may face. Parents nor teachers cannot significantly change the ability of pupils, but they can have an important impact on encouragement of effort. Children who have parents and teachers that convey messages of success through effort are usually confident, self-efficient, and strive to be high achievers (Folwer Peterson, 1981). Researches (Darling Steinberg, 1993; Gonzalez, 2002; Robertson, 1997; Rosenzweig, 2000; Zellman Waterman, 1998) have identified a model of parenting, and have termed it as authoritative parenting. This model encompasses all the above points discussed. This model includes setting high expectations, providing emotional support, granting appropriate independence, setting limits, and most importantly acknowledgement of their childs perspectives of home and school. This model appears to be most conducive to academic success. Teachers should encourage parents to follow this model through discussions, helping to strengthen home-school relationships. In conclusion, the importance of parental involvement in a childs academic success is inarguable. The literature available clearly identifies the benefits of parent participation, outlines the obstacles facing parent and home relationships, and has made some suggestions in order for th e barriers to be broken down. It is an unfortunate fact that after much research over the decades some parents are still disengaged from their childs school life. In order to include all parents, the classroom teacher has a major role to play, and is the key to changing the level of parental participation. Teachers have the skills and strategies necessary for creating successful partnerships, with those who are so critical to a childs success in school, the parents. Methodology The participants of this study were parents of children who attended either school, or teachers, including heads, who are part of the school staff. Both schools offer a positive approach to parental involvement, with the rural school having an emphasis on homework. Both schools gave the researcher permission to carry out surveys through questionnaires, and semi structured interviews. Diaries were given to parents 5 from each school, after asking parents if they wished to participate. All participants were assured of confidentiality verbally, and it was made clear on paper-work which parents were required to fill in. A letter was sent to both Heads also seeking permission to conduct a small study. This is accordance to Ethical guidelines (Cohen, 2000; Woolley, 2010). Prior to the study taking place, a pilot questionnaire was emailed to 10 parents that had children. The questions asked, were based around my initial reading, and after receiving the responses, I realised that I had only focused on the broad issues of parental involvement, and therefore needed to change the questions in order to collect precise data to answer my question. Once I devised my questionnaire on agreement with both schools, parents were invited to take one and complete it and return back to school office. I had originally wanted to use a random selection processes using class lists, however after consideration I decided that as a cross-section of parents went into the school, on a daily basis so my data would still be valid. Each questionnaire had a standardised set of questions (talk about this not always getting the correct response and quote) Problems arose in the speed of responses, however all participants did respond and 30 completed questionnaires were returned from each school. The homework diaries gave me another set of complications, I wanted to assess the activities that enhance childrens learning and how parents achieved this, however, (talk about parents may lie to feel better, or feel they have to write something in fear of not looking like a good parent relate back to model in journal. The sample overall was not large enough to equate real findings to empirical research, however there has been some similarities which would concur with the evidence collected. Throughout my design and research I kept ethical issues at the front of my mind, this is critical in any research which is undertaken, to protect all who are involved. Analysis of Findings Conclusions and Recommendations

Deaf Culture Essay -- Hearing Loss Essays

Deaf Culture I may not be considered part of the hearing culture due to my severe to profound hearing loss, but some people might be surprised to hear that I am not considered a part of the Deaf culture. A majority of the Deaf culture is very critical of those who assimilate with hearing people and accept hearing culture as their majority culture. I believe that every hearing impaired and deaf person is an individual and needs to do what is best for them instead of being worried about following the rules of the Deaf culture. The members of Deaf culture have many different levels of hearing that range from profoundly deaf to slightly hard of hearing (Halpern). However, none of the members of the Deaf culture consider themselves hearing-impaired. Deaf culture has its own jokes, language and theatre. People who can suddenly hear find that they are the one with the handicap when they walk into the Deaf culture. The Deaf community takes pride in their identity and does not have any desire to become part of the hearing culture. This community also displays its pride by capitalizing their culture with a capital D (Halpern). "Thou shalt honor thy mother and father, diverse Deaf role models and hearing allies" (Weinstock), is one of the Ten Commandments of the culturally Deaf . This gives an idea of how Deaf culture considers hearing people as allies and not necessary as a part of their culture. The Deaf community's all or nothing philosophy can be shown in the Deaf culture's many jokes and narratives. There are the Ten Commandments of the culturally Deaf which state some rules and beliefs that the Deaf culture hold. Pride is shown in this statement, "I am a proud Deaf Being who brought you out of pure oralism, out of oppressi... ...eturn, I should get some respect for the lifestyle that I have chosen. Feel free to email me with your imput and comments! Works Cited Halpern, Carla. "Listening in on Deaf Culture." 1996: n pag. Online. Internet. 20 April 1998. Available: http://stripe.colorado.edu/~standard/V5N2/AWARD/halpern.html. Matlin, Marlee. Letter. TIME Domestic 24 October 1994: n pag. Online. Internet. 20 April 1998. Available: http://pathfinder.com. Van Biema, David. "Beyond the Sound Barrier Deaf Americans are proud that one of their own is Miss America. But can her example apply to them?" TIME Domestic 3 October 1994: n pag. Online. Internet. 20 April 1998. Available: http://pathfinder.com. Weinstock, Janet. "The Ten Commandments of the Culturally Deaf." May 1993: n pag. Online. Internet. 20 April 1998. Available: http://www.weizmann.ac.il/deaf-info/commandments.html.

Corporate governance ethics Essay

Introduction Ethics is one of the principles that govern the operation of corporations. It is therefore important for corporations to observe it in order to remain relevant to the market, make profits, and expand their capacity. Corporate governance is entitled to direct all the operations of a corporation. It is the manner in which top management directs the corporation and so the stake holders are able to judge whether the company is operating in ethical manner or not. This paper will cover ethical problem that is as a result of poor corporate governance, dilemmas between stakeholders, law that applies to it and how strategies have been laid to solve the problem. The most common problem on corporate governance that I will discuss on this paper is evasion of tax and other problems that arise in the course of governing a company such as failure to corporate social responsibilities for example environmental pollutions and unfair remuneration of workers, cultural diversity and poor quality goods. These problems occur because of lack of ethical responsibility of top management when governing a corporation. Ethics on corporate governance When an entrepreneur develops a business idea, his main objective is that the business will be able to succeed through making a lot of profits. To ensure that a business idea succeeds and it is able to generate a lot of profits, entrepreneurs recruit the best management who will be able to steer his idea forward in line with ethical practises of the business industry (Arjoon, 2005). If the idea succeeds, the business expands and grows to large corporations that can run in a wide geographical location and even in the international market. At this level, management become complex and the company adapts different levels of management which direct the operations of the company and control everything that is undertaken in the company.   At this point, the company must have a governing body that manage the overall company practises. This is where the corporate governance is important so that the company is able to distribute all its responsibilities to different stakeholders such as managers, board of governors, suppliers, customers, creditors, auditor and share holders (Arjoon, 2005). In order to be able to control and direct all the stakeholders, ethics must be highly upheld in corporate governance. This will ensure that any decision making process involves all the stakeholders for ethical practises and that ethics are considered when delegating duties to each stakeholders to avoid conflicts and other mismanagement problems that may affect the company performance. Failure to ethical corporate governance perhaps is one of the greatest sources of many unexpected losses to corporations. Ethics also ensures that a business is able to follow e right way to do businesses without exploiting other businesses or populations in is environments.   In today’s competitive markets and business environment, a reputation of a business plays an important role as its marketing strategy through appealing stakeholders such as customers and creditors, which are integral part of business success. The stakeholders expect that business operations are steered in accordance to the best corporate governance whereby the top management bear the total responsibility. Therefore, corporate governance is the integral part of business success and so ethical values should be part of it. Not only should be the decision making process and policy formulation that should involve ethics in corporate governance, but also the way the top management behaves and carry themselves when executing their duties. In every business, the conduct of employees and its reputation are highly influenced by the leadership of the company. If the leaders show high professionalism such as integrity and transparency in work place the employees also try to copy them, which contribute to improved performance of the business and maintain its good reputation in the market (Arjoon, 2005). Today, most corporations are failing in their management due to failure to consider ethics when making major decisions, directing or controlling their activities. These failures are blamed on poor corporate governance that does not follow moral values of the company and stakeholders. For example, a number of corporations have been said to evade taxes, mistreat their workers by paying them unfair remunerations, producing inferior or substandard quality goods in the market and exploiting communities and other small companies in order to make profits. These practises are considered unethical traits of incompetent corporate governing and have led many corporations to trouble resulting to under performance or even prosecution. Many corporations carry out underground businesses with the aim to avoid part of their legal responsibility to pay taxes and other licences fees that are part of legal requirements. Although this is an ethical responsibility for any profit making company, it is becoming a major problem in business industry. According to Fà ¡tima, & Abreu, (2013) tax evasion is violation of moral values and norms (ethics) for financial and administrative behaviours that govern operations of a business. This has led to the he global business regulatory bodies such as world trade organizations and other corporate bodies to come up policies and rules that govern the operations of business so as to ensure that all the operating business operates in an ethical manner that is acceptable by all stakeholders. For this reasons policies have been developed, which acknowledge the responsibility of any business or corporate body to pay taxes and meet all other legal requirement of the state in which it operates all its businesses. For example, United States have developed laws such as foreign account tax compliance act, which ensures all financial organizations are able to pay their respective taxes.   Therefore it is the responsibility of any management or corporate governing body to ensure that it meets the requirements of the government where it operates its business as part of the right way (ethical) to carry its business. By this way, business corporate governance it said to be observing ethical practises. Most governments have lost billions of money through tax evasion. For example United States exempt corporations with subsidiary branches in foreign countries from tax. This has led to many corporations exploiting the opportunity in an illegal and unethical manner. Countries register their corporations as subsidiary branches in order to evade tax. Google and Apple have been the recent companies that have been discovered to have evaded a lot of taxes for United States. For example Apple is said to have avoided tax on $ 74 billion that it earned as profits between years 2009 and 2012 and Starbucks was accused for evading taxes in United Kingdom (UK) for three years in December 2012 (Evans, 2014). Although it is ethical for companies to pay taxes to their own government and foreign states where they operate, US 2004 law on corporation tax has encourage many companies to take part of unethical corporate governance (Mider, 2014). In addition, US have laws that allow it to penalize companies and corporate managements who avoid tax havens but this has not worked out. Therefore, it can be concluded that poor and unethical corporate governance has led to evasion of taxes for many corporations and small businesses across the world despite laws and policies that mandate them inn paying their taxes in honesty (Otusanya, Lauwo, & Ajibolade, 2013). The issue on tax payment on many corporations have been one of the main ethical dilemmas with most companies putting pressure on their chief executive officers (CEOs) not pay taxes while workers and general public demonstrate and condemn corporations that evade their taxes. For example public and workers demonstrated against Starbucks coffee Company in 2012 for evasion of taxes for three years in UK. Most of these dilemmas are cited on the ambiguous US laws on corporations operating in foreign countries. Most of the dilemmas have been taken to courts and legislation bodies for solutions. For example, Apple CEOs were taken stood before US senate to answer against evasion of $ 74 billion profits taxes (Evans, 2014). Other solutions have been obtained through agitation of public through mass demonstrations and condemnation of the corporations. This has seen some of the companies start paying taxes. Other dilemmas are being solved by perfection of tax payment laws so as to fill the loopholes that the corporations are taking advantage of in order to avoid their legal rights to pay taxes. US senate and other political leaders are coming up with legislations that ban corporations from avoiding tax. It has been a great problem for many corporations to carry out their operations in line with the communities living around the corporations through corporate social responsibilities (Nakano, 2007). For example, United Nations have published business reference guide for business on the rights of indigenous people in the environment that a business is established. Many corporations are the largest source of pollution and exploitation of resources in places where they operate without benefiting the communities living there. Therefore, global regulatory bodies require every business to participate in corporate social responsibilities. A good corporate governance ensures that it participate in projects that improve the lives of the communities living in its environments (Arjoon, 2005). It is the mandate of management to see that the communities are able to benefit with the employments opportunities, social responsibilities such as funding their projects, and protecting their environment. A company or a business that tend to avoid these responsibilities is said to be operating in unethical way and may be summoned by the international business regulatory bodies for exploiting the communities. Therefore it is ethical for every business to work in close consultations with the communities that form part of its stakeholders. On the other hand, a company that denies the communities employment opportunities does not participate on its social projects and play a major role in pollution of its environment is said to be operating in an unethical manner. This may provoke the regulatory bodies or even the government resulting in confiscation of its properties and cancelling of its licence. This is a blame on corporate governance as it is the top management that is held responsible for unethical operations. It is also the responsibility of top management to ensure that all employees, customers and other stakeholders are accorded equal respect. This will ensure that the corporation is able to carry all its responsibilities in consultation with all stakeholders, which is the ethical requirement of every business that is in operations and be able to offer competitive remunerations that meet the international labour laws (Pollack, 2011). However, most corporations exploit their worker paying them substandard wages in order to maximize their profits. This is against labour laws of many countries and industrial organizations.   Therefore, it is unethical for company to pay substandard wages as that is not the right way or requirement in business industry. Most multinational corporations have suffered big losses through poor corporate governance that does not consider its ethical responsibility in protecting the environment and communities living in their vicinity of operations. A recent example is Yaiguaje versus Chevron environmental dispute where the Ecuadorian plaintiff was awarded $ 9.5 billion. This was a big loss to the multinational corporation. Various states and international business organizations have also put up punitive measures that have seen many corporations incur a lot of losses but in the long run controlled from their unethical governance. In addition, European commission and European councils have enacted laws and policies that require companies affiliated to the commissions to give annual reports of their social responsibilities to the communities. This was aimed to reduce the number of companies that are exploiting communities and taking part in environmental pollution that is causing world a lot of money. This also defines what is right way for corporations to govern their operations. Therefore, corporate social responsibility has become an ethical requirement of every company or business in operation. Other legal requirements for companies include international criminal law, corporate governance, and labour standards (Tully, 2012). In addition, it has been a challenge for many corporations to work in a multi-cultural society. Most business environment comprise of diverse people. A company is mandated to cope up with these challenges by providing a favourable environment that harmonises all employees and customers to share same goal and mission of the company to help in propelling growth of the company. Some of the corporations have been accused of employing people on the basis of races and ethnic groups. This has led to dilemmas between corporations and communities, who are part of the company as they form part of the market. However, international labour organizations and world trade organization and various governments have enacted laws to ensure balanced employment and equal treatments of communities. For example, United States and other countries in America have enacted laws that advocate for multiculturalism. For example, Canadian Multicultural Act of 1988 allows equal rights for all citizens despite their ethnic or racial background. This has led to many companies in the country to be able to address multicultural issues and thus effectively working in a diverse environment. There has been dilemma between corporate, management and stakeholders such as employees, customers, and communities, which has led to unceasing conflicts and demonstrations agitating for corporations to carry out their operations in ethical manner that respect the rights of the people living within their environments. For example, Shell a royal Dutch petroleum operating in Niger Delta has been accused of polluting the environment and displacing the communities living there by drilling oil reserves. This has affected agriculture in the location, causing problem to more than 27 million people living in the region (Global Exchange, 2014). This has led to demonstrations and continued litigations although with no much success. Coca Cola Company has also received objection in India for its increased drainage of water to communities around the company affecting their agricultural farming that has resulted in many deaths of farmers due to poor crop harvest. This has led to communities through their councils of elders rejecting the company’s plan to expand its boundaries (India Resource Centre, 2013). Political leaders have played major roles in solving these conflicts through enacting laws that confine corporations to protecting environmental and the communities. Other organizations such as international labour organizations (ILO) have enacted laws and policies that protect employees and define how they should be remunerated. This has led to decreased conflicts and dilemma between communities and employees. Increased cometition and cost of production have led to many businesses producing substandard goods that are low in quality without the knowledge of consumers. This has been a means of lowering production cost at the expense of consumers’ rights. This has led to formation of international standard organizations, which measure and accredit companies that produce quality goods. In addition, global consumers’ rights movements have also being formed to agitate for quality goods. However, many companies still produce inferior and goods of poor quality. This is unethical and blame is laid on the top managements of the companies as it the one that is responsible and part of corporate governance as they are aware of the set policies and requirements for quality products and thus it is unethical to release low quality goods to the market. Therefore, it is ethical for companies to produce high quality goods (Fernando, 2009). This has led to increased dilemma between management and customers who have gone to the extent of mass actions advocating for quality products sand some of the corporations being banned from markets where they supply low quality goods. For example Russia banned Ukraine Roshen Corporation from its market arguing of unsatisfying packages and labels that could not meet Russian standards in July 2003 (Roshen, 2014). Russia also argued that the ingredients that Roshen was using was not meeting the standards for confectionary companies thus its (Roshen) products posed a threat to its (Russia) citizen. Conclusion Corporate governance involves directing and controlling all operations of a corporation. Therefore, all unethical issues are as a result of incompetent corporate governance.   Most ethical problems associated by poor corporate governance include evasion of taxes, not meeting their corporate social responsibilities such as environmental protection and unfair wages to employees and production of poor quality goods to maximise their profits. The problems have led to a dilemma between the corporations and stakeholders resulting in mass actions and cases that have caused corporations a lot of money. Political leaders through legal forums such as senate have enacted laws that have directed corporation thus bringing solutions to these dilemmas. References Arjoon, S. (2005). Corporate governance: An ethical perspective. Journal Of Business Ethics, 61 (4), pp. 343–352. Evans, P. (2014, January 31). Corporate tax evasion ‘crackdown’ more bark than bite. CBS. Fà ¡tima, D., & Abreu R. (2013). Tax evasion. Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility. pp. 2497-2503 Fernando, A. C. (2009). Business ethics: an Indian perspective. Prentice Hall. Global Exchange (2014). Global exchange top ten corporate criminals list | Global Exchange. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.globalexchange.org/corporateHRviolators#Shell [Accessed: 9 Apr 2014]. India Resource Centre (2013). Village Councils Reject Coca-Cola Plans, Opposition Grows. Indian Resource Centre [online] Retrieved from: http://www.indiaresource.org/news/2013/1008.html [Accessed: 9 Apr 2014]. Mider Z., R. (2014, January 7). Companies fleeing taxes pay CEOs extra as law backfires. Business week Nakano, C. (2007). The significance and limitations of corporate governance from the perspective of business ethics: towards the creation of an ethical organizational culture. Asian Business & Management, 6 (2), pp. 163–178. Otusanya, O. J., Lauwo, S., & Ajibolade, S. O. (2013). An investigation of corporate executive fraud by CEOs in the Nigerian banking sector. African Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 2(1), 65-89. Pollack, D. (2011). International legal note: salaries of CEOs of international NGOs: Ensuring fair compensation while avoiding populist rage. International Social Work, 54 (4), pp. 599-604. Roshen (2014). ROSHEN Confectionery Corporation statement about the situation at its enterprises in Russia :: Confectionery Corporation Roshen. Tully, S. (2012). International corporate legal responsibility. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International.

Health Disparities Among Filipino Americans Essay

Health Disparities:Focus on the Filipino-American Population in the USA As a Filipino-American nurse living in Los Angeles, California, this writer has been a witness and an active participant in the multifactorial influences/aspects that affect the Filipino-Americans, in health and illness. Being a grandmother of wonderful grandkids has brought me further exposure to the plight of elderly Filipino-Americans in the United States of America. The Institute of Medicine’s Report on Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial/Ethical Disparities in Health Care states that cultural bias is one contributor to racial and ethnic minorities having higher rates of poor health outcomes than Whites in the case of disease; even when income, employment status and insurance coverage are controlled. A survey of current literature suggests that as a group, Filipino-Americans are comparatively under-studied vis-a-vis health and health care disparities in the United States. The literature that does cover the subject suggests that Filipino-Americans (as a group) do experience disparities in health and health care. Javier (2007) noted that on a national level, Filipino-Americans are the second largest Asian/Pacific Islander (API) population. Within this population, Filipino-American youth and adolescents in the US show disparities compared to Anglo and other API groups in regard to gestational diabetes, rates of neonatal mortality and low birth weight, malnutrition in young children, obesity, physical inactivity and fitness, tuberculosis, dental caries and substance abuse. Within Los Angeles County, Bitler and Shi (2006) analyzed disparities across groups based on health insurance, health care use and health status. While they did not focus on Filipino-Americans as a discrete subpopulation, they noted that differences in the prevalence of chronic health conditions across different immigrant racial and ethnic groups were reduced after controlling for such factors as family income, net worth and neighborhood characteristics. One possible conclusion is that in neighborhoods that are co-populated densely by both Latino and Filipino-American households with similar earnings and employment characteristics (such as in Historic Filipinotown), Filipino-Americans fare about the same as their Latino neighbors when it comes to chronic disease. This demonstrates that working class and lower income Filipino-American households in LA County suffer from health problems more than other API opulations in the County. Taken together, these studies lend support to the perception among Filipino-American community leaders in Los Angeles that (1) persistent disparities in health and health care do exist for Filipino-Americans relative to other groups; and (2) Filipino-Americans are not adequately researched for ethnic-specific tendencies in health and health care access. A report published in November, 2007 by The Historic Filipinotown Health Network of Los Angeles, California analyzed responses from a series of focus groups and over 400 surveys administered to health care providers, youth, residents, seniors and workers in Historic Filipinotown in central Los Angeles. The study sought to understand how culturally-based experiences and perspectives of Filipino/Filipino Americans in central LA influence this population’s health. The report examines the relationship between cultural themes that came up in the survey and the actual health status and healthcare service use patterns of Filipino/Filipino Americans. Though specific to the Filipino community in Los Angeles, the findings are relevant for Filipino communities throughout the United States. From the report this writer has been able to collate substantial data for this paper on US health disparities focusing on the older Filipino Americans. Elderly Filipino-Americans, like other ethnic minorities in the US, are not exempt from the disparities within the health care system. Health care access, utilization and assimilation in the US health care delivery system can be very challenging particularly for the newly-arrived immigrants. They tend to rely on their families for support since the majority of them are not eligible for government health care funds and social security benefits. In addition to financial constraints, lack of mobility or minimal English proficiency and tenacious adherence to their own Filipino cultural and health beliefs can create a barrier to health care utilization. â€Å"Bahala na† basically means â€Å"whatever will be, will be. As a way of supporting good health and in responding to illness, Filipinos have this unusual ability to accept things as they are. This position enables many Filipino-Americans to accept, and endure, great suffering including suffering from illness or injury. â€Å"Hiya† refers to a deep impulse to protect against a loss of face, especially if there are differences of opinion in a group on a sensitive matter. Such protection can be for one’s own sake or for another person. One example is misunderstandings due to language barriers. Some patients may not express it openly, but feel shamed or embarrassed in front of health care providers when they cannot understand or be understood properly. Further, older Filipino-American patients have difficulty in communicating effectively with health care providers. This can turn into an urgent problem if and when Filipino-Americans suffer from a high incidence of chronic and/or serious illness (such as diabetes or TB). â€Å"Kapwa† suggests â€Å"togetherness† and equality of status regardless of class or race. Cultural norms energize Filipinos to care for others in every sense, as fellow human beings. This type of relationship supports a structure of familism (tight-knit extended family structures). Caring for the health of each member within one’s family or kinship network is thus a top priority. The Filipino-American population has the highest percentage (27%) among Asian Americans of grandparents living with and caring for their grandchildren who are under 18 years of age. Conversely, there is a preference among families to provide direct care to their aging parents at home, regardless of the sacrifices required, rather than moving them into a convalescent facility. In America, this same commitment is extended by Filipino-Americans beyond their kinship groups to neighbors, friends and even strangers. The tradition of putting the group first and looking out for other group members has helped make Filipino-Americans have such a prominent presence as recognized professionals and workers in the U. S. healthcare sector. According to Periyakoil and Dela Cruz (2010), Filipino-Americans who have been in the U. S. A. for a long time are more acculturated to the American health system than those who recently migrated. The less acculturated immigrants adhere more to traditional systems of medicine and prefer indigenous healing practices, such as the use of complementary and alternative medicine. Before seeking professional help, Filipino older adults tend to manage their illnesses by self-monitoring of symptoms, ascertaining possible causes, determining the severity and threat to functional capacity, and considering the financial and emotional burden to the family. Filipino older adults tend to cope with illness with the help of family and friends, and by faith in God. Most of these first-generation immigrants initially resort to traditional medicine and healing methods are passed on from one generation to another. Traditional medicine is regarded as a viable alternative to Western medicine especially among the uninsured and undocumented. Such examples of cultural and health beliefs cause great concern since these older adults only seek medical care when their illness is already very serious or in an advanced stage; missed opportunities for optimal treatment and care result. Thus, to promote stronger health outcomes for the Filipino-American population, knowledge of their cultural strengths and assets, as well as language and other difficulties as immigrant people is imperative. Policymakers should be engaged to take a more culturally informed and sensitized approach to health care reform, focusing particularly on reducing existing disparities among Filipino-Americans in the USA. References Ad Hoc Committee. (2005). Ethnic diversity and cultural competence.

All About Metal essays

All About Metal essays I listen to metal. A simple sentence but this information is also the answer to the question "What kind of music do you listen to?", for some people it means something that's not normal, bad and god knows what else. Metal music is still, even after so many years, considered by the wide public as the music of corrosion, hate and anger towards everything that's "right and good". Why? To tell the truth, I don't know really. Those who condemn this style don't even know it. Just from something somebody told them or from partial listening to something they didn't like. To take these opinions seriously? No way. This article is about what metal music really is, what the particular categories of this diverse style are about.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Metal music came to existence probably in the 70's. Based on the rock music and then hardened with tougher guitars, vocals, the drummers also started to hit their instruments with much more power. The early metal music was based on a more agressive way of playing and was produced only with el. guitars and drums. The harder it sounded, the better it was. But it's different these days, but I'll get to that later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Metal symbolized power and hardness. And people started to listen to it and their number started to grow. After all, metal was on the highest peak of it's popularity in the 80's, well, to be specific, the most favourite style of the 80's was actually hard rock. I remember that all the rockers had wawy hairstyles and they all looked the same and there was so many of them. A bright example can be the band Europe that came from Sweden. A typical example of a one-hit band. They actually played rock but some magazines marked them as a heavy metal band.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The gratest and most popular metal bands were being founded on the break of the 70's and 80's. That time was being flooded by the "new wawe of brithish heavy metal", NWOBHM in short. The era of harder metal began. Everybody will probab...

Persuasive Essays on Abortion

Persuasive Essays on Abortion Persuasive Essays on Abortion Persuasive essays on abortion should point out that whether or not abortion should be allowed has long been a controversial topic for heated debate and discussion: Persuasive essays on abortion should start by taking a stand that is either for or against abortion by offering a thesis statement in the first paragraph that reads something like, It is the contention of this essay that abortion should be easily available for women who have an unwanted pregnancy due to the following reasons If you need an essayof the highest quality place an order on our website and get 15% off on your first order. Points for abortion Even though it has been argued that aborting a child once it is conceived boils down to the taking of a helpless life-others feel that a child in the womb has not yet developed in to a human being-(some argue that the soul only enters an infant shortly before birth)-and so it is not wrong to do away with an unwanted pregnancy at an earlier stage. Those that vehemently decry abortion do so on religious grounds by stating that it is a sin to take a helpless life. Two of the main religions that oppose abortion are: The Catholics Muslims The entire argument has divided the public into those that vehemently oppose abortion and these have become known as pro-life activists; while those that are for the free choice of women are known as pro-choice activists. Both have strong views for and against abortion. Persuasive essays on abortion should point out that while many oppose abortion on religious and ethical grounds- women who are actually carrying the child feel that they need to get ownership of their own bodies-(instead of having people telling them what to do) Pro-choice activists also firmly believe that life only begins at birth and so there is nothing wrong with terminating an unwanted pregnancy. Persuasive essays on abortion should draw attention to the fact that pro-choice activists arguing for abortion may be doing so for a number of very good reasons like:- Reluctant mothers may be trying to terminate an unhappy marriage They lack the means to support a child They are too young and a teenage pregnancy can result in the life of both the mother as well as the child-getting ruined. Pro-choice activists argue that a mother that does not want her child and is forced to have the baby is also most likely to ill-treat the child or deny the nurturing love and care that he/she would require growing into a mature and well balanced human being. Visit our safe paper writing service to get A+ essay right now! Read also: The Stolen Party Term Paper Sample Papers Report Writing Help Process Analysis Case Study Police Performance Term Paper

How to Conjugate the Irregular French Verb Offir

How to Conjugate the Irregular French Verb Offir Offrir  (to offer, to provide, to give) is an irregular French -ir verb. Below are simple  conjugations  of the verb  offrir; the conjugation table does not include compound tenses, which consist of  a form of the auxiliary verb avoir with the past participle offert. Within irregular  -ir  verb conjugations, there are some  patterns. Two groups exhibit similar characteristics and conjugation patterns. Then there is a final, large category of extremely irregular  -ir  verbs that follow no pattern. Offrir is an Irregular -ir- Verb Offrir lies in the second group of irregular  -ir  verbs that display a pattern. The second group of verbs includes  couvrir,  cueillir,  dà ©couvrir,  offrir,  ouvrir,  souffrir, and all their derivatives. These verbs, surprisingly,  are all  conjugated like  regular -er verbs. Offir Is Conjugated Like  French Verbs Ending in -frir and -vrir All French verbs that end in  -frir  or  -vrir  are conjugated this way. This includes: couvrir to coverdà ©couvrir to discoverouvrir to opensouffrir to sufferrecouvrir to recover   Expressions and Usage Je peux toffrir  bien davantage. I can  offer  you much more than that.Nous devons leur  offrir  pareille possibilità ©. We need to  provide  them with the same opportunity.Jallais vous  offrir  cette maison. I was going to  give  you this house.Je vais lui  offrir  du thà ©. Im going to give him some  tea.Mais vous devez  offrir  limmunità ©. But youd have to  offer  us immunity.Jaimerais  offrir  une perspective diffà ©rente. Id like to  offer  a different perspective.Jaimerais que nous puissions  offrir  plus. I wish we were in a better position to  offer  more.Jaimerais lui  offrir  ma collection de coquillages. Id like to give  her my shell collection.offrir quelque chose en cadeau quelquun  Ã‚  to give somebody something as a presentsoffrir [pronominal reflexive]  Ã‚  to offer  / to give oneself [sexually] OR to offer ones servicessoffrir payer les dà ©gà ¢ts  Ã‚  to offer to pay for the damagesof frir [pronominal reciprocal] to give or buy each otherun seul moyen soffrait moi  [pronominal  intransitive] only one course of action was open / presented itself to me un panorama exceptionnel soffre au regard   an amazing view meets the eyessoffrir de quelque chose [pronominal transitive] to treat oneself to something Simple Conjugations of the Irregular French -ir Verb Offrir Present Future Imperfect Present participle j offre offrirai offrais offrant tu offres offriras offrais il offre offrira offrait nous offrons offrirons offrions vous offrez offrirez offriez ils offrent offriront offraient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle offert Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive j offre offrirais offris offrisse tu offres offrirais offris offrisses il offre offrirait offrit offrt nous offrions offririons offrmes offrissions vous offriez offririez offrtes offrissiez ils offrent offriraient offrirent offrissent Imperative tu offre nous offrons vous offrez

Studying the Field of Organisational Behaviour Essay

Studying the Field of Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example There is no real, ideal resolution for the organizational evils. The only thing that one can do is to increase one understands of abilities and skills, so that individual relations at work can be improved. â€Å"Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It does this by taking a system approach. That is, it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system† (Leadership and Organizational Behavior 2011). Organizational Behavior is the field of study that searches the after effect that persons, teams, and formation have on behavior within the company (organization). Organizational behavior deals with the study, and implication of awareness about how individuals act and react within organizations. Organizational behavior is a tool for the employee to work for the benefit of the organization. It is applicable largely to the manners of individuals working in all kinds of organizations including government, business, educational institutions, services, and companies. Organizational behavior is applied to cover three determinants of activities in organizations: individuals, teams and structure. The applied field of OB is concerned with the information gained about persons, and the impacts of structure on behavior so that to make organizations work more successfully. It is better to understand the organization first to study organizational behavior more clearly. Organization is a focused system with some subsystems where persons and actions are organized to attain some particular, predetermined goals and objectives through division of labor, effective utilization of resources, and the coordination of activities. Division of labor means how the works are divided among the staff that is, keeping the right person for the right job. Coordination of work becomes more important, as it can lead to accomplishing the goals of the organization, by integrating the activities of each and every employee in the organization. The word ‘organizing’ is used to denote the aspect of administrative activities needed for an entrepreneur in preparing and setting up the diverse tasks to fulfill or complete the job. The managers in an organization may have to face many challenges and opportunities to use organizational behavior theories to improve the general effectiveness of persons, teams and organization. Based on behavioral science and some additional interdisciplinary matters, the managers can address the following issues with in an organization. Improving People Skills Improving Quality and Productivity Managing Workforce Diversity Empowering People Stimulating Innovation and Change Improving Ethical Behavior It is clear that Studying the field of Organizational Behavior can assist in deepening our understanding of why people in an organizational setting behave in the ways that they do. â€Å"The ability to explain people’s behavior is critical to making recommendations for improvement if we make poor explanations, and poor recommendations. In an organizational setting, this can lead to a continuation of poor performance. In contrast, if we make strong and accurate observations, we can make strong recommendations that have a demonstrable impact on people and the business† (Why People Do What They Do n.d.). It can be said that

Make up assignemt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Make up assignemt - Essay Example Jefferson’s choice of the particular words used in the declaration was to express a shared understanding of â€Å"the American mind. â€Å"He showed what amounted to a collective political creed by stating that certain propositions were â€Å"self-evident† truths. The Declaration of Independence states that among the â€Å"truths† that Americans hold to be â€Å"self-evident† is â€Å"all Men are created equally.† (Jefferson,1). This statement related to all people regardless of their gender, occupation or color. It means that we are either created equally by birth or naturally political equals; therefore, no one is by birth a subject of a ruler or is automatically the ruler of others. Political equality thus does not define human equality. We are all created moral equals, and we are of equal value and worth in the eyes of the creator. Jefferson stated, â€Å"†¦all Men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights...† (Jefferson,1). This statement provides evidence that the declaration was a precursor to the bill of rights. Inalienable rights are those that cannot be given up even if there was an alternative to it. According to the concept of inalienable rights section in the Declaration of Independence liberty, life and pursuit of happiness is a right. The existence of unalienable rights does not mean that a person cannot be subjected to attacks, false imprisonments and other forms of oppression. Unalienable rights mean that such rights are not morally justifiable, and therefore we have a ground for moral

Strategy and Plans of Operation on the Event of a Government Shutdown Essay

Strategy and Plans of Operation on the Event of a Government Shutdown - Essay Example .. 5 Causes of Federal Shutdown†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Effects of a Federal Shutdown†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Strategies during Federal Shutdown†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....................... 8 Contingency Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 Abstract Government shutdowns occur when the Congress and the President fail to enact and make law the appropriations bills for the agencies of the government. On this case the opinions of Attorney General Civilleti and the Antideficiency Act take in action wherein the government is prohibited to spend, enter into contracts or other obligations, and provide government service and employees, except for those that are rated essential by the law. This paper will be focusing on the understanding of how the government shutdown occurs, as well as its adverse effects on the federal employees, public, and business institutions that are involved in providing goods and services to the federal government. This paper will also cover strategies and plans that a company can establish in order to anticipate and develop a course act ion plan in the event of a government shutdown. Strategy and Plans of Operation on the Event of a Government Shutdown Government shutdowns are events that can lead to tremendous effects among workers as well as the public. During a government shutdown, the government tends to stop all its services except those who are termed as essential. This leads to thousands of government employees to be furloughed for a certain period of time. In addition, there are also several institutions and business that will suffer the consequences of the shutdown since it will be expected that cash flow will not occur due to non-payment of invoices. Thus, the need of establishing strategies and a contingency plan is crucial for a company to cope up in the occurrence of a government shutdown. Government agencies will cease in the procurement of equipments or service, installation of equipments, and suspend delivery of equipments to these agencies. The closing will cause tremendous losses for the company e specially when a significant part of the market share of the business comprises the government offices. On the event of a Federal shutdown, several government agencies will furlough most of its employees. However, specific institutions will still continually operate on a normal basis. These agencies include police, fire fighting, postal services, armed forces, utilizes, air traffic management, and the penal system. The goal of the strategy and planning of a business company is to be able to pin-point the affected areas during a shutdown and be able to anticipate its effects on the normal operations. It will also be beneficial for the company if it can establish a contingency plan that will cover the overall course of action on the onset of the shutdown. This can be developed with the help of past records and data of occurrences of government shutdow

The Use of Emotional Focused Therapy Research Paper

The Use of Emotional Focused Therapy - Research Paper Example Attachment theory is the basis of information for attachment injury work. John Bowlby considered the "father" of attachment theory found that the way that children form attachments based on their early attachments to their primary caregiver. If they are able to bond strongly with this individual, they have a strong foundation for love, respect, self-esteem, and self-confidence. Farley (2004) studied Bowlby's work and suggests that children are always looking for the presence of their caregiver and asking the question,   Ã‚  "Is the attachment figure nearby, accessible, and attentive?" If the answer to this question is "yes", the child will grow up feeling confident and secure and may be able to explore their environment easier; they will be more prone to have close friends and to be very social. If the child perceives that the answer to this question is "no," they will more likely feel anxious and afraid, and will constantly seek out attention because they are looking for the careg iver. These children develop a lack of trust because they feel that the attachment figure will not be available to them, and it also means that they may not be able to reestablish a connection with the attachment figure (Farley, p. 1). Translating this information to adult attachment therapy, Farley states that "the same motivational system that gives rise to the close emotional bond between parents and their children is responsible for the bond that develops between adults in emotionally intimate relationships" (p. 1). The challenge is that when an attachment is not clear or has not developed in childhood, as children grow into adults, they may experience attachment injuries.

Supreme Court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supreme Court - Essay Example In this case the opinions are called concurring. Divided decisions are more common. If from one to four Justices dissent on the majority decision, the Chief Justice will assign a majority opinion that speaks for the consensus of the Court. In addition, a minority opinion will be assigned to one of the Justices who voted against the majority, termed the dissenting opinion. This Justice explains the reason they and possibly other dissenters saw legal reason to vote against the majority. In a very divided decision those Justices who voted with the majority did not agree as to why. In addition, those who voted with the minority didn’t agree with each other either. In this very rare instance, multiple Justices may write separate opinions, possibly all nine. Some may write additions to other opinions if their view of the legalities concerning the case was close but not the same. In a per curium decision the opinion(s) may be unanimous and are usually very short in length. These are the cases that either was not important enough to be heard by the highest court or a technical issue precluded the Justices from hearing the

Ethics in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Ethics in Criminal Justice - Essay Example When one thinks of ethics and the attorney, it is nearly always theorized that the defense attorney bends/breaks the most ethical/moral rules. However, this could not be further from the truth. In effect, the defense attorney has a very clear function; to represent the accused and seek to have the accused acquitted or at the very least to have his/her sentence diminished. What is more, the moral and ethical responsibility in performing this job lies in the fact that regardless of the guilt or the nature of the crime, it is the attorney’s role to defend the client in all matters. Therefore, in order to perform such a function in an ethical and moral way, the attorney must actively engage to work for the benefit of those he/she represents. A complicating ethical/moral factor for the defense attorney lies in the fact that he/she may be working to set free a criminal that should be forced to serve a sentence for the crime they have perpetrated. Furthermore, the defense attorney faces a moral/ethical dilemma with regards to the victim and their friends/family/representatives. In attempting to lessen the sentence or acquit the accused, the defense attorney is understood to disrespect whatever loss that the victim’s family/friends may have experienced. Therefore, actively working to undermine the sense of closure that effective justice might bring these parties further complicates the roles and responsibilities of the defense attorney. Similarly, the prosecuting attorney has the much more ethically/morally complicated job. This is due to the fact that the prosecuting attorney is tasked with seeking to indemnify all those cases that come before him/her. Secondly, the ethical/moral responsibility and conviction of the prosecutor is further blurred by the fact that the state/entity that they represent may likely be willing to lessen or reduce a given sentence regardless

Supreme Court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supreme Court - Essay Example In this case the opinions are called concurring. Divided decisions are more common. If from one to four Justices dissent on the majority decision, the Chief Justice will assign a majority opinion that speaks for the consensus of the Court. In addition, a minority opinion will be assigned to one of the Justices who voted against the majority, termed the dissenting opinion. This Justice explains the reason they and possibly other dissenters saw legal reason to vote against the majority. In a very divided decision those Justices who voted with the majority did not agree as to why. In addition, those who voted with the minority didn’t agree with each other either. In this very rare instance, multiple Justices may write separate opinions, possibly all nine. Some may write additions to other opinions if their view of the legalities concerning the case was close but not the same. In a per curium decision the opinion(s) may be unanimous and are usually very short in length. These are the cases that either was not important enough to be heard by the highest court or a technical issue precluded the Justices from hearing the

International accounting group Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International accounting group - Coursework Example One of the benefits also include the access to the wide market when Toyota manufactures and assembles in these countries and the access to the market is cheaper as compared to the situation where Toyota manufacture in Japan and export it. The cost effectiveness for Toyota by manufacturing and assembling outside Japan is one of the major reason as the manufacturing cost in Japan is much higher than other countries and especially from developing countries. Toyota is considering to setup the manufacturing and assembly operations in under developed countries where the costs are cheap and is much beneficial for the company. Competing against General Motors in North America and with high financial stability along with the target of covering most of the markets it is beneficial for Toyota to get advantage from every opportunity that seams feasible and cut down costs and cover most of the markets. Solution 2 Toyota has been known for its quality control that it has thrived to provide keeping low costs for its products and its target customers. Like every large company it has made efforts to expand its operations and shown the great presence in markets like US. The basic purpose of expansion is to capture the market and increase its share it has always been strategic decision for the corporates as they ample opportunities for growth. However along with the opportunities management also has to focus on the risks that they might face that would have the potential to undermine their current status. Toyota has focused on TQM (total quality management) and along with processes have been sharp that enable just in time inventory. At overseas the quality of production facility might not be as that Toyota requires along with that it is would be burden and challenge for management while in headquarters in Japan to ensure the standards of facility and production raw material that they receive. Toyota’s policy of learn local might not prevail in every region that they plan t o operate as initial access would be to local markets that might not provide quality material. It’s design and technology that really matters in the automobile industry and in overseas it becomes even harder for company to ensure secrecy of its designs. Every region has different culture, requirements and most important of all government regulations that create a huge risk. Being a multinational Toyota always faces a threat regarding the foreign exchange. Solution 3 The recommended plant citation within North America is in the United States because as per the clause when 62% of the cost is covered in United States then the company shall be allowed to the free movement of its products within United States, Canada and Mexico. Toyota should consider the market conditions as to what type of facility should be considered best whether manufacturing or assembly and the demand of its products that is within the United States, Canada and Mexico as this will give Toyota the access to t he markets of these three countries as they are the members of North American Free Trade Agreement. The environmental and legal laws should be considered as Toyota has to comply with the legislations of United States in order to be operative. The cost that Toyota will bear should be less than the other

Domestic Waste Disposal Pollution

Domestic Waste Disposal Pollution Summary Domestic waste disposal is an action that should be taken with a lot of concern so that it can lead to the reduction of pollution and high income that has to be spending in dealing with the effects that are caused by this waste. It is therefore important for a country to come up with policies that will lead to reduction of waste disposal in the country. This will be through training people on how to go about the disposal of waste and effects that are caused by poor disposal of waste in open places. This will mean that what a country will have to do is to come up with strategies that will be affordable by also that they can be able to curb this problem of waste disposable. Most countries are not able to get in conduct with policies and strategies that are important and what they have to do is to ensure that they reduce the effects if the strategies are expensive to them. Introduction There are many wastes that pollute the environment most of these wastes are like human wastes that are drained into lakes and other water sources meaning that such wastes lead to pollution of that place where they are disposed. This is mean that high effects will be to the organisms that live in water and other places where people have to drain their waste. Threw are also other waste that result from chemicals that are used by human beings like pesticides that are very harmful when disposed to the open environment this will mean that what they are supposed to do is to take the right action that will lead to right disposal of waste so that they can reduce the effects that are caused by these wastes. There is a waste management outline strategy which is a short term strategy where by it considers waste collection practices that are both traditional and source segregation. In this strategy there are two basic types of collection systems that can be used and they include: bring schemes w hich are the act that public is supposed to bring materials to a designated site for sorting and dispatch for reuse. This is important as it ensure that the public has to come up with right directions so that they can ensure the right disposal is followed. The other method is kerbside schemes where materials are collected by the council from house hold. This will mean that what they have to do is to inform the families the time when they will be coming for this waste so that they can have the collection made at one place. (Daniel, 2003, pp, 67) This scheme has got advantages where there are greater recovery rates for dry recyclates and has additional benefits in promoting public participation in councils waste management operations which will mean that the public will be aware that council will be in need of the right disposal been carried out so that they can reduce the problems that are expected to rise from poor disposal of waste. The council should keep these people informed in that they should know the time when the council will come for waste so that they can be ready to invite the waste items like newspapers and magazines, cans, tins and plastics that have to be recycled. The blue bins are emptied by the same collection vehicle on the same collection day but during the alternative times the grey domestic bins are used this will mean that they will lower the collection costs that are related to waste collection. With the success of pilot scheme the council decided to expand it out across the local authority where they have assistance of collecting this waste. The collection service is a independent and in addition to councils cleansing services weekly refuse collection of domestic waste there has been the BTCV which has been carrying out similar collection schemes so that they can help to keep the environment free from waste disposal. There is the north Lanark shire council which will access the various methodologies that are followed so that they can make the right changes that will lead to the right collection been followed. This will mean that this council made not on the two schemes so that they can know whether these two schemes worked together or they are mutually exclusive and the collection that is made should involve a combination of several methods. Although kerbside has proved to be successful there is a clear evidence that there is additional systems and procedures that are required so that the right implementation can be carried out to make the right changes that will lead to more r ecyclable waste materials that have to breaking within the domestic waste stream. This will mean that the implementation that will be done will lead to more recycles that will be required to reduce the wastes that have been accumulating in the places that are not accepted. (David, 2000, pp, 89) The blue bin scheme isolates materials such as newspaper and magazines, cardboards, tins and plastics for recycling while the BTCV scheme has the target to beverage cans, textiles and glass. This will mean that each scheme is responsible for carrying out its work that is set for it so that they can have waste been reduced in all the places in a country. With other waste streams then it means that a country will not have this waste been a danger to it but what they will do is to make changes that will lead to further recycle of waste. There are percentages that are related to house hold waste where a country has got to do something so that they can reduce these waste. This will mean that there will be need for other changes to be taken so that changes can be made to dispose this waste. Figure 1 was retrieved on April 25, 2008 The north Lanark shire will require investigations to be done so that they can be able to isolate waste. This will mean that the blue bin scheme that does not segregate glass and can be expanded will be changed so that it can cover this waste that is to be isolated. The alternative to isolate the waste will be at source which will be to continue wit the traditional refuse collection service rather than the land filling of waste. This waste will be transported to materials recovery facility where they are inspected and recyclable material retrieved. (Bonnie, 1998, pp, 78) This will mean that there is need for the council to have partnership with levenseat recycling so as to try this method. The waste will be delivered to levenseat facility where materials will be extracted for recycling. From the report that was taken from the levenseat facility about 36% of household waste could be recycled. This meant that the option that was made for expansion was effective and the need to have infrastructure been put in place so that they can have easy transport of the waste. This will be to have council or be by private contract that will mean that they will have the waste within the time that is required. But this method has got disadvantage in that it does not induce public to take responsibility to waste as in the case of segregation. Both systems have to be implemented so that they can bring about methods that will lead to have domestic water stream been diverted from land fill. (Bonnie, 1998, pp, 56) In the recycling of plastics there are complication issues this is because the plastics are not all recyclable, there are different types of plastics that have different properties meaning that there is need to have separation which is time consuming, there is economics of recycling that is not favorable meaning that the market will be affected regularly. The recycling will lag behind due to the fact that many European countries, lack subsidy which will indicate that it will not be possible to have changes that will lead to success in recycling. This will mean that it will be expensive to undertake this task of recycling of plastics. The reasons that lead to segregation of plastics include: there is necessity to have separation of different polymer types so that their different properties can be taken into account during the time for reprocessing. There is need to have thermosetting plastics so that they can be heated and reshaped into different objects that are required. There are different segregation approaches that can be followed so that plastics can be recycled which include post industrial segregation where the collection of plastics before they enter the municipal solid waste stream. In this approach then plastic waste is usually collected as only one type or more and they are clean and economically attractive for recycling to be done. (Ben, 1999, pp35) There is the post consumer segregation where collection of plastics is done after they have entered the municipal solid waste steam. These plastics which have mixed polymer type and very contaminated require additional steps so that they can be cleaned and separated meaning this approach very expensive. This will mean that what they require is the automatic sorting as it is faster and more efficient. There is the processing where after sorting has been done what follows is the bailing machines that compact bottles and the bales are later transported to a reprocessing factory. In this factory the bales are broken and bottles are cut into granules where the granules are washed and dried then passed through the metal detector to remove ferrous contaminants and they are finally passed through a dedusting unit, which removes the lighter particles and they are packaged and ready to be used by re manufacturers. This has proved to be the only way the could be used for recycling of plastic. B ut the government has been in need of a waste strategy that will be bale to meet the target that for waste recycling and recovery. The targeted are based on collections rather than the actual recycling that has to be done through commercial or industrial; processing. This will imply that there is need to have changes made so that they can know where to begin and the government has appreciated the need to develop markets so that they can pull materials from waste stream which is in need of high income so that they can fund the action that is concerned with this recycling. The waste resource action program that has to be achieved should be able to create markets that are for recycling of materials. (Ben, 1999, pp, 45) The north east MSW best practical environmental option This plan is important because it sets the strategic targets that have to be followed in domestic waste disposal. This plan has details of the ability of local authority to achieve the proportion of the BPEO for north east. In working with other organization there has been methods that have been used so that there can be waste prevention. This implies that the waste strategy groups have been in work so that they can come up with the right methods that will lead to waste prevention. This has been important in that they have tried to encourage local people to have their own waste prevention plan which will mean that they will be in need of tools and techniques that will lead to right waste prevention. There is need for national recommendations to policy makers and others on instruments that will lead to success in preventing waste. (Alex, 1990, pp, 26) There is need to reuse and refurbish waste in that the required activities that are responsible for this action should be taken so that they can lead to provision of employment and produce goods which would be used . There is need top have significant increase in the quantities of materials and forward them to re processors for recycling. This increase should be made to segregated kerbside collections of paper, plastic, textiles and other materials that arte required. This will lead to reduction in the dangers that are caused by poor disposal; of waste and at the same time they will earn a country income as the recycled products are sold and bring income to these people. This means that it is important to have domestic waste disposal and segregation so that people can earn income that will change their way of survival where at the same time it will be a benefit to a country in terms of income that is gained from the recycled products. This means that it is important to have segregati on so that a country can experience changes that will lead to changes in living standards of people at the same time they make the public aware of what they are supposed to undertake. (Alex, 1990, pp, 23) Conclusion Waste disposal and segregation is very important because it leads to changes that are important to a country. This will mean that they are supposed to know how to go about waste products that are disposed and they should be important so that they can be recycled and lead to change in status of people. The waste strategy groups are supposed to do their work so that they provide the waste prevention measures and other important things that are required. Reference: Alex, P, 1990, how to disposal waste. Journal of popular culture, 36 Ben, Y, 1999, government responsibility on waste segregation. Government publishers. Bonnie, H, 1998, disposal of waste and their effects. Biocycle, 16 David, M, 2000, right strategies for waste disposal in UK. Biosecurity, 9 Daniel, H, 2003, importance of segregation of waste to a country. Journal of recycling, 34

Comparing the Cites where I have Lived :: comparison compare contrast essays

Compare and Contrast Cites where I have Lived I have opinions of all the places I have lived. Each place has its advantages and disadvantages, and I am not sure if there is any place that really fits me well. In this essay, I will examine the bad and good aspects of some of the places I have lived. Then, I will compare what I consider to be "ideal" conditions with the good aspects of those places where I have lived. Lastly, I will choose the place that I think is best for me. I was born in Taipei, and I lived there for a great part of my life. I consider it to be my hometown, and I cherish many of the memories I have form there. I like the people and places in Taipei, especially some of its unique characteristics, like the night markets. The pattern of the city is familiar to me, and the streets are always full of people shopping. Taipei does, however, have some bad aspects. It was a severe air pollution problem, and heavy traffic jams are commonplace. The city just has too many people packed into too little space. Its many buildings are packed closely together, and this just makes the overcrowding problem worse. After living in Taipei during ny childhood and teenage years, I moved to southern Taiwan to attend college. The town I lived in was much less populated than Taipei, and that was nice. But, it was very hot there and that was a big problem. They also did not have a large shopping center, so buying nice clothes was difficult. I felt like I could not look fine or pretty. Unlike Taipei, this town had no fine restaurants or shops either. On the good side, this town was wide open. There was lots of space and the natural scenery was just beautiful. Because it was not so crowded, and traffic was not a problem, there was not much pollution either. I like this because it was easier to keep healthy. When I finished my work at a hospital in Taiwan, I moved to the university of Woollongone, in Australia. I went there to study conversational English.

A Sense of Justice :: Law College Admissions Essays

A Sense of Justice "It's midnight, and I'm standing in "the yard" after a powerful speech at Memorial Church just a few hours ago. The night is chilly, and I unravel the sweater from around my waist and place it upon my shoulders. As I stand freezing in the yard, a steady stream of friends and associates pass by me offering "congratulations". A short time before, I had delivered the introductory speech for our Black History Month campus guest speaker, Johnny Cochran. As I stood freezing in the yard, I was humbled. Cochran's message that night was that vigilant and systemic protest has profound power and can help deliver social justice. His message rang as true as Malcolm X's call to social action from the same podium more than thirty years before. And, now, as the stars lit the yard electric, Cochran's words took me back to the first time I understood what "protest" meant to me and my sense of justice. It was my first year at the most venerable institution in the world, and my high-school dreams had been achieved. Yet, that fall, I was feeling empty inside. As I drowned my sorrows in a latte at Au Bon Pain near the "T" entrance, I noticed a large crowd gathering outside. I later learned that a short time before, an undergraduate running to the co-op had carelessly knocked a homeless man to the ground. As I looked up from my latte, I saw a homeless man crawling around the sidewalk, yelling something about being unable to see and cursing profusely. Nearby, I saw a woman I recognized as a senior, crawling around on the ground with him. Finally, she stood up, with a pair of broken glasses in hand. "You bastard!" she screamed at the retreating undergraduate. I didn't know what to think. I had never seen a white homeless person before, and certainly not one being helped by a black woman. I approached the woman and told her my name. She was still clearly flustered and angry, her brown eyes flashing amid an expanse of curly hair. "They just don't get it!" she grumbled angrily. I silently looked down. Suddenly, she turned to me. "Sometimes, we've got to sit down and stand up for the dignity of human kind. Sometimes, we've got to do what's right." Silently, I nodded my head.

How Andrea Jung Became Successful

Her parents are both Chinese immigrants that moved their children with the dream of providing them with a better education. Both her parents are very educated people and they set high standards for Jung and expected her to work hard for what she wanted and to achieve as much as possible without losing sight of her heritage and values. She has always stated that she was not a very good student growing up, but her parents would offer something in return for her earning straight As. Every time she wanted something she knew she would have to study really hard to get It and It's because of this that she credits her parents with furthering her resolve and ambition. 1 While In high school she got Involved In extra-curricular activities, specially the student body, she served as class secretary and then president. After high school, Jung attended Princeton university and earned a BAA degree in English Literature. She decided to take a break from school and hoped to attend law school afterwar ds, but she enjoyed her Job so much that she decided that perhaps that was her calling. Jung attended a college career fair and she was hired by Bloodiness's for a management-training program. She had at first figured the experience would come in helpful once she started working on her law degree, but she realized that she really enjoyed working In retail. Her parents TLD agree with her decision of working In the retail business and they saw her choice of career as a waste of a good college education. Jung made a smart move along the way and chose a mentor. Having a mentor was good for Jung as she was very successful and had become the company's first female vice president.Jung knew she could learn a lot from her and she did. Jung learned that men didn't see women executives as strong but weak beings and found that the majority of women in the workplace didn't support other women and it was a tough environment. â€Å"Some people just wait for someone to take them under their wing,à ¢â‚¬  he said. â€Å"Vie always advised that they shouldn't wait. They should find someone's wings to grab onto. â€Å"3 Jung made it a point to become successful and she worked hard at It and didn't let any misconceptions or put downs get In her way or set her back. Jung had other Jobs and as she moved she worked her way up the chain. Junk's outgoing personality was helpful and she made friends and networked with many then she went on to work at Newman Marcus as the executive vice president in charge of merchandising. L She learned a lot along the way, especially the importance off good self image. If she wanted to be successful she had to look successful and she knew how important it was to have a good image. She really enjoyed her work but she was also hungry for a challenge and she found it when she started working as a consultant for Avon.The company's executives really liked Jung ideas as a consultant so they decided to hire her as president of product marketing group for U . S. Operations. L The company found themselves needing a CEO and Jung and three other women thought that they had a good chance of getting picked as they had all worked for the company for quite some time. Unfortunately Avon decided to hire someone from the outside and this was a disappointment because this was a man whom they saw as having no experience in the industry.Not long after though, Mr†¦ Perrine, the current CEO, resigned and opened the door for Jung to step right in. She became Van's ninth president and CEO. 2 Avon has gone through many changes since Jung came onboard, the products have definitely become more updated and they now target a wide variety of customers. You can see anything from dresses, shoes, purses, items targeting children, and of course beauty products. They have products targeting women of all ages and the prices easily beat prices on high stores. One thing that has attracted me to Avon lately is the different campaigns that support important cause s. Breast Cancer is one of them, Jung grandmother died of breast cancer at the age of 63. 2 This was a deep loss for Jung, who recalled, â€Å"It was the early Seventies, and the C-word was forbidden in our house. She didn't want us around her in case it was contagious. There was fear about the subject† (London Times, June 29, 2002). 2 The other cause is called, â€Å"Empower Women Campaign†, this s an important cause because it fights to end violence against women.Jung has worked hard to get to where she is. She was brought up with good family values and has always made sure her family was not affected by the numerous meetings and business trips she has had to attend. Her family is very important and she has said that she has missed some of her children's events, but not the important ones. L Jung was featured in the October 2010 issue of Fortune Magazine and was ranked number 5 among the â€Å"50 Most Powerful Women. † She is a great woman and someone I can ce rtainly say I have learned a lot from.